Perennial and annual herbs
Clover
Great honey plant. Clover honey is one of the best. It is transparent, with a delicate aroma and delicate taste, during crystallization forms a solid white mass.
Phleum
Some species, primarily Phleum pretense have great economic importance as good fodder plants that used in fodder for any agricultural cattle. It is cultivated on pastures and, like seeded grasses, in fields for haymaking.
Fescue
Most of the species are fodder plants. An especially valuable pasture and haying plant is Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis), close to it Reed Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) gives coarser hay, but can withstand saline soil. A good pasture plant is Red Fescue (Festuca rubra). Meadow fescue and Red fescue are also widely used for lawns.
Fescue
Most of the species are fodder plants. An especially valuable pasture and haying plant is Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis), close to it Reed Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) gives coarser hay, but can withstand saline soil. A good pasture plant is Red Fescue (Festuca rubra). Meadow fescue and Red fescue are also widely used for lawns.
Lucerne
Alfalfa is used in agriculture as livestock feed. It also used for medicinal purposes. Used for diseases of the intestines, stomach, thyroid gland, to improve metabolism, lactation, normalize the circulatory system, lower cholesterol, lower blood sugar, increase hemoglobin in the blood. Some species are used as ornamental and medicinal (Medicago sativa, Medicago falcata) plants. Alfalfa phytoconcentrates inoculum are used in skin care products.
Ryegrass
The plant is widely used throughout the world in agriculture as a valuable fodder (pasture) plant, as well as in decorative gardening as a lawn grass. The species is appreciated for its ability to form a dense herbage just one and a half months after sowing seeds, as well as for its high resistance to trampling.
Sainfoin
Valuable feed plant. Used to create interspecific hybrids with sainfoin. Sainfoin provides a highly nutritious food with a protein content of up to 16% in the flowering phase and up to 23% in the aftermath. Hay is eaten almost without a trace. Among fodder plants, it stands out for its inability to cause bloating in livestock. It is a good honey plant.
Melilótus
Valuable fodder plants for farm animals; in the culture, Melilotus officinalis gives a lot of nutritious biomass and improves soil structure. There are varieties of white clover Omsk white and Arctic, bred by Canadian scientists from a white clover collected in Siberia. Clover is well-eaten by all kinds of animals and is considered to be a good milk and carbohydrate feed. Melilotus officinalis and white melilot are used for flavoring tobacco. Melilotus officinalis is used for aromatization of soap and as an odor fixator in the perfume industry. Neapolitan sweet clover is used to flavor Vermouth. Donniks are wonderful honey carriers. Melilot honey - amber or white, its aroma resembles the smell of vanilla.
Bromus
Different types of bromus are good pasture forage grasses. Bromus is a grass used in various lawn mixtures. Tall species of bromus and species with colorful panicles are used to decorate alpine slides. From the creeping rhizome of the fire, many high dense shoots depart. Having settled on slopes, shores and places with sandy soil, this plant stops the erosion (destruction) of the soil.
Different types of bromus are good pasture forage grasses. Bromus is a grass used in various lawn mixtures. Tall species of bromus and species with colorful panicles are used to decorate alpine slides. From the creeping rhizome of the bromus, many high dense shoots depart. Having settled on slopes, shores and places with sandy soil, this plant stops the erosion (destruction) of the soil.
Milk thistle
Milk thistle oil is used in the treatment and prevention of various peptic ulcer diseases.
The main active ingredient of milk thistle are flavonolignans (silibinin, silikristin and silidianin) and the flavonoid taxifolin, their mixture extracted from the plant is called silymarin. Silymarin has a hepatoprotective effect: it strengthens the membrane of liver cells, enhances the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids, stimulates the formation of new liver cells.
Sudan grass
It is cultivated as a fodder plant in Western Europe, in the north and east of Africa, in India, South and North America, Australia, in the southern and southeastern regions of the European part of Russia, in Kazakhstan, in the Altai Territory, in the Far East.
Barbarea
Honey plant. It blooms in spring and early summer for about a month, giving bees a lot of nectar and pollen. Honey is greenish-yellow, has a pleasant but weak aroma. Barbarea honey (like other cabbage) has a high glucose content, which causes its rapid crystallization.
Used as a medicinal plant. For therapeutic purposes, the aerial parts of the plant are collected. Its leaves are rich in ascorbic acid, and the seeds are rich in thioglycosides. It has a wound healing and diuretic effect, stimulates appetite. It is used as an anti-zingotic agent. As medicinal raw materials, stems, leaves and inflorescences are used, which are harvested during flowering.
Soup, mashed potatoes and side dishes are prepared from the green parts of this. Mostly young leaves and non-blooming inflorescences of barbarea are used in cooking. Its leaves taste a bit like mustard. Also ordinary used in food with caution, not forgetting that it contains substances that can cause poisoning in large quantities. As a food plant, this grass is especially popular in the USA and Canada.
Decorative forms of barbarea ordinary are used in floriculture.
Lotus
It has been widely used in agriculture. Grown for hay and pasture use. In terms of nutritional value, this plant is superior to clover and timothy. Due to the long flowering period, bees willingly visit this plant to collect nectar and pollen. Also remarkable green manure, helps to restore fertility and soil structure due to the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus in the roots.
Poa
Many species have great economic importance, being hay or pasture fodder plants. An especially valuable hay fodder plant is Meadowgrass (Poa pratensis), currently introduced into the crop. Widespread meadow species of the Bluegrass (Poa palustris) and Common Bluegrass (Poa trivialis) are also good hayforage fodder plants. In more southerly arid regions, the Poat bulbosa ephemeroid (Poa bulbosa) with close species is of great feed value. In the steppe pastures of Kazakhstan and Southern Siberia, the bluegrass (Poa versicolor) and the bluegrass drawn (Poa attenuata) are of great importance, the alpine bluegrass (Poa alpina), the bluegrass (Poa longifolia), the bluegrass (Poa glauca) other species of the genus.
The widespread annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), as well as species close to it, is a good pasture forage plant and suitable for lawns, however, along with this, it belongs to the number of hard-to-eradicate weeds of fields and plantations of various crops, as well as gardens and parks.
Wheatgrass
Wheatgrass is a good food for herbivores.
It is used in medicine as a medicinal plant. Rhizomes contain starch, sugars, ascorbic acid, carotene, mucus, as well as poorly studied glycosides. As a medicine, rhizome is used, which must be collected either in early spring or late autumn. It has an enveloping, diuretic, hemostatic, expectorant and diaphoretic effect. Rhizomes are also used in homeopathy; they contain sugars and triticin, and can be eaten.
Cocksfoot
Fodder cereal, well eaten by any kind of cattle, quickly restored after mowing. It is considered the earliest green food in the spring. Crops of this cereal are used to form lawns in landscape design and create pastures in agriculture.
Phacelia
Grown as ornamental plants, green manure and honey plants.